What does Brady v. Maryland require prosecutors to disclose?

• A. Exculpatory evidence
• B. All arrest records
• C. Confidential informants
• D. Forensic results

Answer: (A)

Brady v. Maryland requires the prosecution to disclose evidence that is favorable to the defendant and material to guilt or punishment. In other words, any information that could help the defense cast doubt on the defendant’s guilt or could point to innocence must be handed over, even if the defense does not prompt for it. The key is that the evidence must be both favorable and material to the outcome of the case.

This includes things like witness statements that contradict the prosecution’s case, alibi evidence, or scientific results that show no link between the defendant and the crime. The standard is that there is a reasonable probability the result would have been different if the evidence had been disclosed.

All arrest records, confidential informants, or forensic results are not automatically required by Brady to be disclosed. They must be disclosed only if they contain exculpatory material or otherwise meet the favorable-and-material standard; other rules may govern their use or disclosure in different contexts.