Which body is responsible for issuing indictments in most cases?

• A. Grand jury
• B. Petit jury
• C. Judge
• D. Prosecutor

Answer: (A)

Indictments come from a grand jury. A grand jury reviews evidence presented by the prosecutor and decides whether there is probable cause to believe a crime has been committed and that the person should be charged. If the threshold is met, they issue an indictment, which is the formal charging document that starts the prosecution. The standard here is probable cause, not proof beyond a reasonable doubt—that stricter level applies at trial. Petit juries determine guilt or innocence after a trial, while a judge oversees court proceedings and rulings but does not typically issue indictments. Prosecutors file charges and may use an information in some jurisdictions, but when an indictment is used, the decision comes from the grand jury. So the body responsible for issuing indictments in most cases is the grand jury.