Which standard of proof is typically used in civil cases?

• A. Probable cause
• B. Preponderance of the evidence
• C. Clear and convincing evidence
• D. Beyond a reasonable doubt

Answer: (B)

In civil cases, the standard of proof is preponderance of the evidence: you must show that what you claim is more likely true than not. This means tipping the scales slightly in your favor, roughly a greater than 50% likelihood, which is enough to win a civil dispute and obtain damages or other relief.

This differs from the other standards. Probable cause is the threshold used to justify actions like arrests or searches, not the trial standard for civil liability. Clear and convincing evidence is a higher standard used in some civil matters—where the stakes are significant or the rights involved demand stronger proof—but it’s not the typical standard for most civil cases. Beyond a reasonable doubt is the strict standard used in criminal cases, where the calculation is about guilt beyond all reasonable doubt, not civil liability.